Journal
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
Volume 9, Issue 2, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/app9020326
Keywords
cell-based assay; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; electrodeposition; gold nanoparticle; graphene oxide
Categories
Funding
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2017R1D1A1A09000712, 2018R1C1B6009385, 2018M3A9F1023690]
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2018R1C1B6009385, 2017R1D1A1A09000712] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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The improved binding ability of graphene-nanoparticle composites to proteins or molecules can be utilized to develop new cell-based assays. In this study, we fabricated reduced graphene oxide-gold nanoparticles (rGO-AuNP) electrodeposited onto a transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode and investigated the feasibility of the electrochemical impedance monitoring of cell growth. The electrodeposition of rGO-AuNP on the ITO was optically and electrochemically characterized in comparison to bare, rGO-, and AuNP-deposited electrodes. The cell growth on the rGO-AuNP/ITO electrode was analyzed via electrochemical impedance measurement together with the microscopic observation of HEK293 cells transfected with a green fluorescent protein expression vector. The results showed that rGO-AuNP was biocompatible and induced an increase in cell adherence to the electrode when compared to the bare, AuNP-, or rGO-deposited ITO electrode. At 54 h cultivation, the average and standard deviation of the saturated normalized impedance magnitude of the rGO-AuNP/ITO electrode was 3.44 +/- 0.16, while the value of the bare, AuNP-, and rGO-deposited ITO electrode was 2.48 +/- 0.15, 2.61 +/- 0.18, and 3.01 +/- 0.25, respectively. The higher saturated value of the cell impedance indicates that the impedimetric cell-based assay has a broader measurement range. Thus, the rGO-AuNP/ITO electrode can be utilized for label-free and real-time impedimetric cell-based assays with wider dynamic range.
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