Journal
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING
Volume 12, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
BMC
DOI: 10.1186/s13036-018-0118-3
Keywords
Tissue engineering; Stromal vascular fraction; Microvascular fragments; Integra (R); Vascularization; Angiogenesis; Stem cells; Dorsal skinfold chamber
Funding
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG - German Research Foundation) [LA 2682/7-1]
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BackgroundThe seeding of scaffolds with the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of adipose tissue is a common prevascularization strategy in tissue engineering. Alternatively, adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments (ad-MVF) may serve as vascularization units. In contrast to SVF single cells, they represent a mixture of intact arteriolar, capillary and venular vessel segments. Therefore, we herein hypothesized that the ad-MVF-based prevascularization of scaffolds is superior to the conventional SVF single cells-based approach.ResultsSVF single cells and ad-MVF were enzymatically isolated from epididymal fat pads of green fluorescent protein (GFP)(+) donor mice to assess their viability and cellular composition using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Moreover, collagen-glycosaminoglycan matrices (Integra (R)) were seeded with identical amounts of the isolates and implanted into full-thickness skin defects within dorsal skinfold chambers of GFP(-) recipient mice for the intravital fluorescent microscopic, histological and immunohistochemical analysis of implant vascularization and incorporation throughout an observation period of 2weeks. Non-seeded matrices served as controls. While both isolates contained a comparable fraction of endothelial cells, perivascular cells, adipocytes and stem cells, ad-MVF exhibited a significantly higher viability. After in vivo implantation, the vascularization of ad-MVF-seeded scaffolds was improved when compared to SVF-seeded ones, as indicated by a significantly higher functional microvessel density. This was associated with an enhanced cellular infiltration, collagen content and density of CD31(+)/GFP(+) microvessels particularly in the center of the implants, demonstrating a better incorporation into the surrounding host tissue. In contrast, non-seeded matrices exhibited a poor vascularization, incorporation and epithelialization over time.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrates that ad-MVF are highly potent vascularization units that markedly accelerate and improve scaffold vascularization when compared to the SVF.
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