Journal
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
Volume 11, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00408
Keywords
glioma; epigenetics; DNA methylation; miRNA; chromatin remodeling; histone modifications
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Funding
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2018M632679]
- Medical and Health Science and Technology Development Project of Shandong Province [2017WS639]
- Linyi Science and Technology Development Project [201717024]
- Linyi People's Hospital Doctoral Research Foundation [2016LYBS02]
- Key Research Project program of Shandong Province [2016GSF201056]
- Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province [ZR2014HM077]
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Glioma is characterized by a high recurrence rate, short survival times, high rates of mortality and treatment difficulties. Surgery, chemotherapy and radiation (RT) are the standard treatments, but outcomes rarely improve even after treatment. With the advancement of molecular pathology, recent studies have found that the development of glioma is closely related to various epigenetic phenomena, including DNA methylation, abnormal microRNA (miRNA), chromatin remodeling and histone modifications. Owing to the reversibility of epigenetic modifications, the proteins and genes that regulate these changes have become new targets in the treatment of glioma. In this review, we present a summary of the potential therapeutic targets of glioma and related effective treating drugs from the four aspects mentioned above. We further illustrate how epigenetic mechanisms dynamically regulate the pathogenesis and discuss the challenges of glioma treatment. Currently, among the epigenetic treatments, DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors and histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) can be used for the treatment of tumors, either individually or in combination. In the treatment of glioma, only HDACIs remain a good option and they provide new directions for the treatment. Due to the complicated pathogenesis of glioma, epigenetic applications to glioma clinical treatment are still limited.
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