Journal
CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS IN AGING
Volume 13, Issue -, Pages 2443-2452Publisher
DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD
DOI: 10.2147/CIA.S157523
Keywords
calcium; osteoporosis; osteoporotic fractures; cardiovascular diseases; kidney stones; gastrointestinal diseases
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Funding
- National Institutes of Health [AR069055, U19 AG055373, R01 MH104680, R01AR059781, P20GM109036]
- Edward G. Schlieder Endowment fund
- Tsai and Kung endowment fund to Tulane University
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH [R01MH104680] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Calcium is an important integrative component of the human body and critical for human health. It has been well established that calcium intake is helpful in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, which has become one of the most serious public health problems across the world. However, community-dwelling adults with and without osteoporosis are rarely concerned or even not aware of the potential side effects of high or inappropriate doses of calcium intake. Some recent studies have revealed that excessive calcium intake might increase the risks of cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this article was to review the health benefits, costs, and consequences of calcium supplementation on osteoporosis/osteoporotic fractures, cardiovascular events, kidney stones, gastrointestinal diseases, and other important diseases. In the end, we suggest that calcium supplementation should be prescribed and taken cautiously, accounting for individual patients' risks and benefits. Clearly, further studies are needed to examine the health effects of calcium supplementation to make any solid recommendations for people of different genders, ages, and ethnicities.
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