Journal
JOURNAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY
Volume 16, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
BMC
DOI: 10.1186/s12951-018-0408-4
Keywords
Green synthesis; Metals; Metal oxide nanoparticles; Natural extracts
Funding
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Science, ICT, & Future Planning [2016R1E1A1A01940995]
- Empowerment and Equity Opportunities for Excellence in Science [EEQ/2016/00484]
- UGC-BSR Start Up-Research Project
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In materials science, green synthesis has gained extensive attention as a reliable, sustainable, and eco-friendly protocol for synthesizing a wide range of materials/nanomaterials including metal/metal oxides nanomaterials, hybrid materials, and bioinspired materials. As such, green synthesis is regarded as an important tool to reduce the destructive effects associated with the traditional methods of synthesis for nanoparticles commonly utilized in laboratory and industry. In this review, we summarized the fundamental processes and mechanisms of green synthesis approaches, especially for metal and metal oxide [e.g., gold (Au), silver (Ag), copper oxide (CuO), and zinc oxide (ZnO)] nanoparticles using natural extracts. Importantly, we explored the role of biological components, essential phytochemicals (e.g., flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, amides, and aldehydes) as reducing agents and solvent systems. The stability/toxicity of nanoparticles and the associated surface engineering techniques for achieving biocompatibility are also discussed. Finally, we covered applications of such synthesized products to environmental remediation in terms of antimicrobial activity, catalytic activity, removal of pollutants dyes, and heavy metal ion sensing.
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