Journal
PLOS BIOLOGY
Volume 16, Issue 12, Pages -Publisher
PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2006649
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Funding
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) [353953, 360929, 385988]
- Foundation Scheme Grant from CIHR
- CIHR New Investigator Salary Award
- CIHR New Investigator Award in Maternal, Reproductive, Child and Youth Health
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute (WCHRI)
- Innovation Grant from WCHRI
- Department of Veterans Affairs Merit Review award
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Cell-surface transferrin receptor (CD71(+)) erythroid cells are abundant in newborns with immunomodulatory properties. Here, we show that neonatal CD71(+) erythroid cells express significant levels of V-domain Immunoglobulin (Ig) Suppressor of T Cell Activation (VISTA) and, via constitutive production of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, play a pivotal role in promotion of naive CD4(+) T cells into regulatory T cells (Tregs). Interestingly, we discovered that CD71(+)VISTA(+) erythroid cells produce significantly higher levels of TGF-beta compared to CD71(+)VISTA(-) erythroid cells and CD71(+) erythroid cells from the VISTA knock-out (KO) mice. As a result, CD71(+)VISTA(+) erythroid cells-compared to CD71(+)VISTA(-) and CD71(+) erythroid cells from the VISTA KO mice-significantly exceed promotion of naive CD4(+) T cells into induced Tregs (iTreg) via TGF-beta in vitro. However, depletion of CD71(+) erythroid cells had no significant effects on the frequency of Tregs in vivo. Surprisingly, we observed that the remaining and/or newly generated CD71(+) erythroid cells following anti-CD71 antibody administration exhibit a different gene expression profile, evidenced by the up-regulation of VISTA, TGF-beta 1, TGF-beta 2, and program death ligand-1 (PDL-1), which may account as a compensatory mechanism for the maintenance of Treg population. We also observed that iTreg development by CD71(+) erythroid cells is mediated through the inhibition of key signaling molecules phosphorylated protein kinase B (phospho-Akt) and phosphorylated mechanistic target of rapamycin (phospho-mTOR). Finally, we found that elimination of Tregs using forkhead box P3 (FOXP3)-diptheria toxin receptor (DTR) mice resulted in a significant expansion in the frequency of CD71(+) erythroid cells in vivo. Collectively, these studies provide a novel, to our knowledge, insight into the cross-talk between CD71(+) erythroid cells and Tregs in newborns. Our results highlight the biological role of CD71(+) erythroid cells in the neonatal period and possibly beyond.
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