Journal
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
Volume 9, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36500-2
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Funding
- Osteo Science Foundation
- Department of Defense [W81XWH-13-1-0148]
- National Institutes of Health [AR066824, AR054385]
- Delaware INBRE program [NIH P20GM103446]
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Traumatic joint injuries often result in elevated proinflammatory cytokine (such as IL-1 beta) levels in the joint cavity, which can increase the catabolic activities of chondrocytes and damage cartilage. This study investigated the early genetic responses of healthy in situ chondrocytes under IL-1 beta attack with a focus on cell cycle and calcium signaling pathways. RNA sequencing analysis identified 2,232 significantly changed genes by IL-1 beta, with 1,259 upregulated and 973 downregulated genes. Catabolic genes related to ECM degeneration were promoted by IL-1 beta, consistent with our observations of matrix protein loss and mechanical property decrease during 24-day in vitro culture of cartilage explants. IL-1 beta altered the cell cycle (108 genes) and Rho GTPases signaling (72 genes) in chondrocytes, while chondrocyte phenotypic shift was observed with histology, cell volume measurement, and MTT assay. IL-1 beta inhibited the spontaneous calcium signaling in chondrocytes, a fundamental signaling event in chondrocyte metabolic activities. The expression of 24 genes from 6 calcium-signaling related pathways were changed by IL-1 beta exposure. This study provided a comprehensive list of differentially expressed genes of healthy in situ chondrocytes in response to IL-1 beta attack, which represents a useful reference to verify and guide future cartilage studies related to the acute inflammation after joint trauma.
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