Journal
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
Volume 9, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06473-x
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Funding
- Mervyn W. Susser fellowship in the Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University Medical Center
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research [R01 DE 0212380]
- NIH [U01HL091528, R01HL108818, AI027757, K23 HD072774-02, K12 HD 052954-09, UM1AI106716]
- NICHD [K08HD069201]
- University of Washington Center for AIDS Research (CFAR)
- NIAID
- NCI
- NIMH
- NIDA
- NICHD
- NHLBI
- NIA
- NIGMS
- NIDDK
- NIH/NIDDK [P30 DK34987]
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research Canadian Microbiome Initiative [227312]
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Allergy, Genes, and Environment (AllerGen) Network of Centres of Excellence for the CHILD study
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Previous studies on the differences in gut microbiota between exclusively breastfed (EBF) and non-EBF infants have provided highly variable results. Here we perform a meta-analysis of seven microbiome studies (1825 stool samples from 684 infants) to compare the gut microbiota of non-EBF and EBF infants across populations. In the first 6 months of life, gut bacterial diversity, microbiota age, relative abundances of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, and predicted microbial pathways related to carbohydrate metabolism are consistently higher in non-EBF than in EBF infants, whereas relative abundances of pathways related to lipid metabolism, vitamin metabolism, and detoxification are lower. Variation in predicted microbial pathways associated with non-EBF infants is larger among infants born by Caesarian section than among those vaginally delivered. Longer duration of exclusive breastfeeding is associated with reduced diarrhea-related gut microbiota dysbiosis. Furthermore, differences in gut microbiota between EBF and non-EBF infants persist after 6 months of age. Our findings elucidate some mechanisms of short and long-term benefits of exclusive breastfeeding across different populations.
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