Journal
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
Volume 9, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
NATURE RESEARCH
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07631-x
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Funding
- Fondation Andre et Henriette Losch
- ATTRACT programme - Luxembourg National Research Fund (FNR) [ATTRACT/A09/03]
- CORE programme - Luxembourg National Research Fund (FNR) [CORE/15/BM/104040, CORE/C15/SR/10404839, CORE Junior/14/BM/8066232]
- Aide a la Formation Recherche grants - Luxembourg National Research Fund (FNR) [AFR PHD-2013-5824125, AFR PHD-2014-1/7934898]
- University of Luxembourg (ImMicroDyn1)
- Integrated BioBank of Luxembourg under the Personalised Medicine Consortium Diabetes programme
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The rate of caesarean section delivery (CSD) is increasing worldwide. It remains unclear whether disruption of mother-to-neonate transmission of microbiota through CSD occurs and whether it affects human physiology. Here we perform metagenomic analysis of earliest gut microbial community structures and functions. We identify differences in encoded functions between microbiomes of vaginally delivered (VD) and CSD neonates. Several functional pathways are over-represented in VD neonates, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis. We link these enriched functions to individual-specific strains, which are transmitted from mothers to neonates in case of VD. The stimulation of primary human immune cells with LPS isolated from early stool samples of VD neonates results in higher levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 18 (IL-18). Accordingly, the observed levels of TNF-alpha and IL-18 in neonatal blood plasma are higher after VD. Taken together, our results support that CSD disrupts mother-to-neonate transmission of specific microbial strains, linked functional repertoires and immune-stimulatory potential during a critical window for neonatal immune system priming.
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