Progress on synthesis and applications of hybrid perovskite semiconductor nanomaterials-A review

Organic-inorganic hybrid lead trihalide perovskite nanostructures are the newly emerged semiconductors and potential candidates for display related device applications. Large exciton binding energies over bulk crystals, good coverage of visible spectrum through tuning halide ions, simple synthesis methodology at room temperature, ligand assisted 2D layer formation with different size and thickness, long carrier decay time are the most important salient features of hybrid lead trihalide perovskite nano materials. In this view, synthesizing highly luminescent organic-inorganic hybrid lead trihalide perovskite nanostructures using colloidal method has become an important area of research in recent years for various optoelectronic applications. The morphology as well as properties of hybrid lead trihalide perovskite nanoparticles could be varied by carefully manipulating the solvent(s) and surface capping ligands. Most importantly, their photoluminescence quantum yield has reached close to similar to 100%, which clearly reveals their promising path to future generation light emitting device applications. This review highlights about the key role of solvents and capping ligands in the formation of hybrid lead trihalide perovskite nanostructures and their influence on the structural and morphological properties. The mechanism behind the synthetic solvent chemistry was analyzed based on the recent results. The up to date specific applications of hybrid lead halide perovskite nanoparticles for LEDs, lasers, photodetectors and photovoltaics are also reviewed.