Journal
STROKE
Volume 50, Issue 1, Pages 62-68Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.118.022516
Keywords
cerebral small vessel disease; blood flow velocity; cerebral hemorrhage; magnetic resonance imaging; perforating artery; pulsatility index; stroke; lacunar
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Funding
- European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) [337333]
- European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme [666881]
- Vici Grant from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) [918.16.616]
- Dutch Heart Foundation [2012T077]
- Aspasia grant from ZonMw [015008048]
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Background and Purpose Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is a major cause of stroke and dementia, but underlying disease mechanisms are still largely unknown, partly because of the difficulty in assessing small vessel function in vivo. We developed a method to measure blood flow velocity pulsatility in perforating arteries in the basal ganglia and semioval center. We aimed to determine whether this novel method could detect functional abnormalities at the level of the small vessels in patients with stroke attributable to SVD. Methods We investigated 10 patients with lacunar infarction (mean age 61 years, 80% men), 11 patients with deep intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) considered to be caused by SVD (ICH, mean age 58 years, 82% men) and 18 healthy controls that were age- and sex-matched. We performed 2-dimensional phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging at 7 T to measure time-resolved blood flow velocity in cerebral perforating arteries of the semioval center and the basal ganglia. We compared the number of detected arteries, pulsatility index and mean velocity between the patient groups and controls. Results In the basal ganglia, the number of detected perforators was lower in lacunar infarction (269, P=0.01) and deep ICH patients (28 +/- 6, P=0.02) than in controls (35 +/- 7). The pulsatility index in the basal ganglia was higher in lacunar infarction (1.07 +/- 0.13, P=0.03), and deep ICH patients (1.02 +/- 0.11, P=0.11), than in controls (0.94 +/- 0.10). Observations in the semioval center were similar. Number of detected perforators was lower in lacunar infarction (32 +/- 18, P=0.06), and deep ICH patients (28 +/- 18, P=0.02), than in controls (45 +/- 16). The pulsatility index was higher in lacunar infarction (1.18 +/- 0.15, P=0.02), and deep ICH patients (1.17 +/- 0.14, P=0.045) than in controls (1.08 +/- 0.07). No velocity differences were detected. Conclusions This exploratory study shows that SVD can be expressed in terms of functional measures, such as pulsatility index, which are derived directly from the small vessels themselves. Future studies may use this technique to further unravel the mechanisms underlying SVD.
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