Journal
SENSORS
Volume 19, Issue 2, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/s19020324
Keywords
indoor localization; fingerprinting; machine learning; neural network; received signal strength; Kalman filter; inertial navigation
Funding
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) CREATE grants
- NSERC Discovery grants
- Alberta Innovates Technology Future (AITF) grants
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [41804027, 61771135]
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Although wireless fingerprinting has been well researched and widely used for indoor localization, its performance is difficult to quantify. Therefore, when wireless fingerprinting solutions are used as location updates in multi-sensor integration, it is challenging to set their weight accurately. To alleviate this issue, this paper focuses on predicting wireless fingerprinting location uncertainty by given received signal strength (RSS) measurements through the use of machine learning (ML). Two ML methods are used, including an artificial neural network (ANN)-based approach and a Gaussian distribution (GD)-based method. The predicted location uncertainty is evaluated and further used to set the measurement noises in the dead-reckoning/wireless fingerprinting integrated localization extended Kalman filter (EKF). Indoor walking test results indicated the possibility of predicting the wireless fingerprinting uncertainty through ANN the effectiveness of setting measurement noises adaptively in the integrated localization EKF.
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