The interplay between natural organic matter and bromide on bromine substitution

This study examined the interplay between bromide and DOM characteristics, described with SUVA(254), in terms of formation and speciation of selected DBPs [trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs), and haloacetonitriles (HANs)] during chlorination under various water treatment conditions. Cytotoxicity evaluations were also conducted based on the types and amounts of DBPs formed and their corresponding cytotoxicity index values. The results showed that the formation of THMs and HAAs increased as the specific UV absorbance at 254 nm(SUVA(254)) of the waters increased; however, there was no clear trend for HANs. THM and HAN formation increased with increasing bromide levels, while there was no bromide effect on the HAA formation. Lower HAA5 (monochloroaceticacid, monobromoaceticacid, dichloroaceticacid, trichloroaceticacid, dibromoaceticacid) to HAA9 (monochloroaceticacid, monobromoaceticacid, dichloroaceticacid, trichloroaceticacid, dibromoaceticacid, bromochloroaceticacid, bromodichloroaceticacid, dibromochloroaceticacid, tribromoaceticacid) ratios, independent of SUVA(254), were observed with increasing bromide levels. Bromine substitution factor (BSF) values were in the order of BSFDHAN > BSFTHAA > BSFTHM approximate to BSFDHAA. BSF values for all class of DBPs decreased with increasing SUVA(254). TOX formation increased with increasing SUVA(254) without an impact of bromide concentration. UTOX/TOX ratios were higher in treated low SUVA(254) waters than raw waters having higher SUVA(254) values, and they decreased with increasing initial bromide concentration in all sources. Increasing bromide concentration from 0.5 mu M to 10 mu M elevated the calculated cytotoxicity index values of waters. Despite their much lower (approximately similar to 10 times) formation as compared to THMs and HAAs, HANs controlled the calculated cytotoxicity of studied waters. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.