Journal
SAMJ SOUTH AFRICAN MEDICAL JOURNAL
Volume 108, Issue 11, Pages 960-964Publisher
SA MEDICAL ASSOC
DOI: 10.7196/SAMJ.2018.v108i11.13095
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Funding
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- University of California, Los Angeles Phodiso Program [MH093230]
- South African Medical Research Council (SA MRC) flagship grant [MRC-RFAUFSP-01-2013/UKZN HIVEPI]
- College of Health Sciences
- FOGARTY INTERNATIONAL CENTER [D43TW007278] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH [R01MH093230] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Background. South Africa (SA) has a high prevalence rate of intimate partner violence (IPV) and HIV, both of which can be exacerbated further by I-HIV serodiscordancy in the couple dyad. Further exploration of the discordancy sidedness in known mediating factors, such as alcohol abuse risk and post-traumatic stress (PTS), is required. Objectives. To investigate the extent of and gender differences in IPV, alcohol abuse risk and PIS symptoms among HIV-serodiscordant couples in Durban, SA, and to analyse these further with regard to female HIV serostatus. Methods. A cross-sectional analysis of data on 30 serodiscordant couples was conducted at the point of enrolment into a pilot study of an HIV risk reduction intervention. The statistical procedure for a dependent small sample was applied to examine gender differences in IPV, alcohol use and PIS symptoms among HIV-serodiscordant couples. Results. The woman was HIV-positive in 18 (60.0%) of the 30 serodiscordant couples enrolled. Exposure to IPV differed significantly between men (28.6%) and women (89.3%) (proportional difference -0.61, 95% confidence interval (Cl) -0.82- -0.39). The Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed that PTS symptom scores differed significantly between men (median 22, interquartile range (IQR) 23) and women (median 44, IQR 28) (p-0.03). When the above analysis was stratified by female HIV serostatus, significant gender differences were found in IPV and PTS in the couples where the woman was HIV-positive. There were no significant gender differences for alcohol abuse risk. Conclusions. The findings demonstrated high levels of IPV in HIV-serodiscordant couples and a significant gender difference in mental health risk such as PTS in such relationships, particularly where the woman was HIV-positive. HIV intervention programmes should address gender-based violence and inequity among heterosexual couples.
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