Resveratrol-mediated reversal of changes in purinergic signaling and immune response induced by Toxoplasma gondii infection of neural progenitor cells

The effects of Toxoplasma gondii during embryonic development have not been explored despite the predilection of this parasite for neurons and glial cells. Here, we investigated the activation of the purinergic system and proinflammatory responses during congenital infection by T. gondii. Moreover, neuroprotective and neuromodulatory properties of resveratrol (RSV), a polyphenolic natural compound, were studied in infected neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs). For this study, NPCs were isolated from the telencephalon of infected mouse embryos and subjected to neurosphere culture in the presence of EGF and FGF2. ATP hydrolysis and adenosine deamination by adenosine deaminase activity were altered in conditions of T. gondii infection. P2X7 and adenosine A(2A) receptor expression rates were augmented in infected NPCs together with an increase of proinflammatory (INF- and TNF-) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokine gene expression. Our results confirm that RSV counteracted T. gondii-promoted effects on enzymes hydrolyzing extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides and also upregulated P2X7 and A(2A) receptor expression and activity, modulating INF-, TNF-, and IL-10 cytokine production, which plays an integral role in the immune response against T. gondii.