Journal
PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY
Volume 175, Issue -, Pages 77-95Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.01.003
Keywords
Histogenesis; Cerebral cortex; Human; Rodent; Connectivity; Excitatory neurons; Genetics; Cell type specification; Experience; Circuits; Thalamus; Specification; Reprogranuning; Microcircuit; Neural network; Axon guidance; Synaptic specificity; Synaptogenesis; Refinement
Categories
Funding
- Simms/Mann Chair in Developmental Neurogenetics
- WM Keck Chair in Neurogenetics
- NIH [R01 MH067842]
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles Research Career Development Fellowship
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Of all brain regions, the 6-layered neocortex has undergone the most dramatic changes in size and complexity during mammalian brain evolution. These changes, occurring in the context of a conserved set of organizational features that emerge through stereotypical developmental processes, are considered responsible for the cognitive capacities and sensory specializations represented within the mammalian Glade. The modern experimental era of developmental neurobiology, spanning 6 decades, has deciphered a number of mechanisms responsible for producing the diversity of cortical neuron types, their precise connectivity and the role of gene by environment interactions. Here, experiments providing insight into the development of cortical projection neuron differentiation and connectivity are reviewed. This current perspective integrates discussion of classic studies and new findings, based on recent technical advances, to highlight an improved understanding of the neuronal complexity and precise connectivity of cortical circuitry. These descriptive advances bring new opportunities for studies related to the developmental origins of cortical circuits that will, in turn, improve the prospects of identifying pathogenic targets of neurodevelopmental disorders.
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