Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 115, Issue 47, Pages E11111-E11119Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1808353115
Keywords
Staphylococcus aureus; innate immune memory; macrophage; recurrent skin infection; adoptive transfer
Categories
Funding
- NIH [U01 AI-124319-01, R33 AI-111661-01, R01AR069502, R21AI126896]
- American Heart Association [16POST31160035]
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Staphylococcus aureus is the leading cause of skin and skin structure infection (SSSI), a primary portal of entry for invasive infection. Our prior studies discovered a role for protective innate memory against recurrent methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) SSSI. In the present study, the dynamics and mechanisms of this response were explored in recurrent SSSI in WT mice. Priming by prior infection reduced skin lesion severity and MRSA burden, and protected against dissemination at day 7 but not day 2. Cytokine and cellular signatures in SSSI differed at day 2 versus 7, and were distinct in skin versus blood or spleen. Cytokines associated with protection in skin included increased IL-17, IL-6, monokine inducible by IFN-gamma (MIG), and RANTES, while increased IP-10 correlated with protection from dissemination. Cellular signatures of protection included increased Th17, M1 macrophage, and dendritic cell populations in abscesses, and total macrophages in lymph nodes. Priming potentiated S. aureus-specific phagocytic killing by bone marrow-derived macrophages in vitro, and their adoptive transfer into naive skin afforded protective efficacy in vivo. Present findings indicate that protective immunity in recurrent S. aureus infection is locally targeted, and involves specific memory conferred by macrophages. These insights provide targets for vaccine and immunotherapeutic development against MRSA.
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