Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 115, Issue 47, Pages E11071-E11080Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1814514115
Keywords
RTL1; pregnancy failure; DNA methylation; genomic imprinting; nuclear transfer
Categories
Funding
- National High Technology Research and Development Program [2013AA102502]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [91519316]
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department or College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University
- Project for Extramural Scientists of State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology [2017SKLAB1-8]
- Plan 111 [B12008]
- [2016ZX08010001]
- [2016ZX08009003]
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Substantial rates of fetal loss plague all in vitro procedures involving embryo manipulations, including human-assisted reproduction, and are especially problematic for mammalian cloning where over 90% of reconstructed nuclear transfer embryos are typically lost during pregnancy. However, the epigenetic mechanism of these pregnancy failures has not been well described. Here we performed methylome and transcriptome analyses of pig induced pluripotent stem cells and associated cloned embryos, and revealed that aberrant silencing of imprinted genes, in particular the retrotransposon-derived RTL1 gene, is the principal epigenetic cause of pregnancy failure. Remarkably, restoration of RTL1 expression in pig induced pluripotent stem cells rescued fetal loss. Furthermore, in other mammals, including humans, low RTL1 levels appear to be the main epigenetic cause of pregnancy failure.
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