Journal
PHYSICS REPORTS-REVIEW SECTION OF PHYSICS LETTERS
Volume 796, Issue -, Pages 1-113Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2018.11.006
Keywords
Modified gravity; Massive gravity; Scalar-tensor theories; Generalised Proca; Multi-Proca; Scalar-vector-tensor theories; Cosmology
Categories
Funding
- European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union [801781]
- Swiss National Science Foundation [179740]
- European Research Council (ERC) [801781] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
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A century ago, Einstein formulated his elegant and elaborate theory of General Relativity, which has so far withstood a multitude of empirical tests with remarkable success. Notwithstanding the triumphs of Einstein's theory, the tenacious challenges of modern cosmology and of particle physics have motivated the exploration of further generalised theories of space-time. Even though Einstein's interpretation of gravity in terms of the curvature of space-time is commonly adopted, the assignment of geometrical concepts to gravity is ambiguous because General Relativity allows three entirely different, but equivalent approaches of which Einstein's interpretation is only one. From a field-theoretical perspective, however, the construction of a consistent theory for a Lorentz-invariant massless spin-2 particle uniquely leads to General Relativity. Keeping Lorentz invariance then implies that any modification of General Relativity will inevitably introduce additional propagating degrees of freedom into the gravity sector. Adopting this perspective, we will review the recent progress in constructing consistent field theories of gravity based on additional scalar, vector and tensor fields. Within this conceptual framework, we will discuss theories with Galileons, with Lagrange densities as constructed by Horndeski and beyond, extended to DHOST interactions, or containing generalised Proca fields and extensions thereof, or several Proca fields, as well as bigravity theories and scalar-vectortensor theories. We will review the motivation of their inception, different formulations, and essential results obtained within these classes of theories together with their empirical viability. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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