Journal
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
Volume 121, Issue 26, Pages -Publisher
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.265301
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Funding
- National Program on Key Basic Research Project of China [2016YFA0301501, 2017YFA0304204]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [11334001, 61727819, 61475007, 91736208, 117740067]
- Thousand-Youth-Talent Program of China
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Sliding phases have been long sought after in the context of coupled XY models, as they are of relevance to various many-body systems such as layered superconductors, freestanding liquid-crystal films, and cationic lipid-DNA complexes. Here we report an observation of a dynamical sliding phase superfluid that emerges in a nonequilibrium setting from the quantum dynamics of a three-dimensional ultracold atomic gas loaded into the P band of a one-dimensional optical lattice. A shortcut loading method is used to transfer atoms into the P band at zero quasimomentum within a very short time duration. The system can be viewed as a series of pancake-shaped atomic samples. For this far-out-of-equilibrium system, we find an intermediate time window with a lifetime around tens of milliseconds, where the atomic ensemble exhibits robust superfluid phase coherence in the pancake directions, but no coherence in the lattice direction, which implies a dynamical sliding phase superfluid. The emergence of the sliding phase is attributed to a mechanism of cross-dimensional energy transfer in our proposed phenomenological theory, which is consistent with experimental measurements. This experiment potentially opens up a novel venue to search for exotic dynamical phases by creating high-band excitations in optical lattices.
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