Journal
PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE
Volume 215, Issue 23, Pages -Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/pssa.201800623
Keywords
in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM); nickel hydroxide-oxyhydroxide; phase transformation; turbostratic structures
Funding
- Kingboard Endowed Professorship in Materials Engineering
- Materials Characterization and Preparation Facility, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology [C6021-14E]
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Water removal, phase transformation, and crystallization of turbostratic nickel hydroxide and oxyhydroxide (Ni(OH)(2)-NiOOH) are found to be inducible by the electron beam of a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Under 30 s of beam exposure at an accelerating voltage of 200 keV and a beam current density of 500 mA m(-2), the original, characteristic turbostratic structure of Ni(OH)(2)-NiOOH is observed to disappear, caused by the quick removal of intercalated water molecules by the electron beam. Increasing the current density from a low value of 1.5 mA m(-2) to a high value of 500 mA m(-2) can transform the Ni(OH)(2)-NiOOH into nickel oxide (NiO) in 1 min. In situ heating and preheating experiments suggest that the transformation is caused by a heating effect induced by the electron beam. The results confirm that the mechanism previously discovered light-induced actuation of Ni(OH)(2)-NiOOH is caused by desorption of water molecules.
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