Journal
PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
Volume 195, Issue -, Pages 132-161Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.10.006
Keywords
Addiction; Cannabis; Cognition; Development; Neuroimaging; Psychosis
Categories
Funding
- UCL Excellence Fellowship
- British Medical Association Foundation for Medical Research
- National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) (UK)
- University College London Hospitals National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre
- Medical Research Council (UK) Studentship [MR/K501268/1]
- Society for the Study of Addiction
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The laws governing cannabis are evolving worldwide and associated with changing patterns of use. The main psychoactive drug in cannabis is Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a partial agonist at the endocannabinoid CB1 receptor. Acutely, cannabis and THC produce a range of effects on several neurocognitive and pharmacological systems. These include effects on executive, emotional, reward and memory processing via direct interactions with the endocannabinoid system and indirect effects on the glutamatergic, GABAergic and dopaminergic systems. Cannabidiol, a non-intoxicating cannabinoid found in some forms of cannabis, may offset some of these acute effects. Heavy repeated cannabis use, particularly during adolescence, has been associated with adverse effects on these systems, which increase the risk of mental illnesses including addiction and psychosis. Here, we provide a comprehensive state of the art review on the acute and chronic neuropsychopharmacology of cannabis by synthesizing the available neuroimaging research in humans. We describe the effects of drug exposure during development, implications for understanding psychosis and cannabis use disorder, and methodological considerations. Greater understanding of the precise mechanisms underlying the effects of cannabis may also give rise to new treatment targets. (C) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.
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