A dinoflagellate cyst zonation of the Cenomanian and Turonian (Upper Cretaceous) in the Western Interior, United States

This study documents the detailed palynology of the Bridge Creek Member, Greenhorn Limestone Formation, at the Rock Canyon anticline outcrop, west of Pueblo, Colorado, USA. The section is the formally ratified Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of Turonian Stage and corresponding Lower Turonian Substage, and the only proposed GSSP for the base of the Middle Turonian Substage. The authors' previously published palynological data from the underlying Cenomanian strata in the nearby US Geological Survey (USGS) Portland-1 core, and from cores and an outcrop of Cenomanian, Turonian and earliest Coniacian age in SW Texas, are reviewed for biostratigraphy. Dinoflagellate cyst ranges and events in both areas are calibrated against other published bio- and chemostratigraphical (carbon isotope) data and an astronomical age model. A regional dinoflagellate cyst zonation is proposed, adapted from a Central and Northern European scheme, comprising three zones and four subzones. Comparison with vintage published palynological data from other states, including Arizona, Kansas, Utah, Wyoming and Montana, indicates that the zonation is probably applicable to marine sections throughout the Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway of the USA. The new palynological data from around the Lower'Middle Turonian boundary at Pueblo support its proposal as a GSSP.