Journal
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS
Volume 1849, Issue 3, Pages 309-316Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2015.01.002
Keywords
HDACs; HDACi; DNA methylase; MyomiRs
Categories
Funding
- Marie Curie F7P grant (EU) [291874]
- PRIN grant (Italian Ministry for Education, University and Research) [2012N8YJC3]
- FIRB grant (Italian Ministry for Education, University and Research) [RBFR12BUMH]
- Ricerca finalizzata grant (Italian Ministry for Health) [GR-2010-2311055]
- AFM [13951, 2012-0773]
- ANR [13-BSV1-0005]
- NIH [5R01CA180057-02]
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Epigenetics is defined as heritable information other than the DNA sequence itself. The concept implies that the regulation of gene expression is a highly complex process in which epigenetics plays a major role that ranges from fine-tuning to permanent gene activation/deactivation. Skeletal muscle is the main tissue involved in locomotion and energy metabolism in the body, accounting for at least 40% of the body mass. Body mass and function vary according to age but also quickly adapt to both physiological and pathological cues. Besides transcriptional mechanisms that control muscle differentiation, postnatal growth and remodeling, there are numerous epigenetic mechanisms of regulation that modulate muscle gene expression. In this review, we describe and discuss only some of the mechanisms underlying epigenetic regulation, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and microRNAs, which we believe are crucial to skeletal muscle development and disease. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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