Journal
OPTICS AND LASERS IN ENGINEERING
Volume 112, Issue -, Pages 136-144Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2018.09.012
Keywords
Directed energy deposition; Laser metal deposition; Additive manufacturing; Optical monitoring; Laser triangulation
Categories
Funding
- European Union
- Regione Lombardia
- FESR [POR FESR 2014-2020 ASSE I - AZIONE I.1]
- Repubblica Italiana
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Laser metal deposition (LMD) is an additive manufacturing technique, whose performances can be influenced by several factors and parameters. Monitoring their evolution allows for a better comprehension and control of the process, hence enhancing the deposition quality. In particular, the deposition height is an important variable that, if it does not match the process growth, can bring to defects and geometrical inaccuracies in the deposited structures. The current work presents a system based on optical triangulation for the height monitoring, implemented on a LMD setup composed of a fiber laser, a deposition head, and an anthropomorphic robot. Its coaxial and non-intrusive configuration allows for flexibility in the deposition strategy and direction. A measurement laser beam is launched through the powder nozzle and hits the melt pool. A coaxial camera acquires the probe spot, whose position is converted to relative height. The device has been demonstrated for monitoring the deposition of a stainless steel cylinder. The measurements allowed to reconstruct a spatial map of the height variation, highlighting a transient in the deposition growth which can be explained in terms of a self-regulating mechanism for the layer thickness.
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