Dietary inflammatory index is positively associated with serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in a Korean adult population

Objective: To our knowledge, only a few studies have explored the relationship between the inflammatory potential of diet and serum inflammatory markers in Korean adults. The likely novel aim of this study was to examine the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in a Korean adult population. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using the data set from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2015. Korean adults >= 19 y of age with hs-CRP values were included in this study. After excluding individuals with missing variables for covariates, the final analytic sample for the study was 3014 adults (1295 men and 1719 women). DII scores were calculated from a 1-d 24-h dietary recall, and hs-CRP was measured using the immunoturbidimetric method. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to calculate adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to test the effect of the DII score on serum hs-CRP as dichotomous (>2 versus <= 2 mg/L). Results: A significant association was observed between increasing DII scores and elevated hs-CRP. Korean adults in the highest quintile of the DI! (indicating the most proinflammatory diet), compared with the lowest quintile of the DII (indicating the most anti-inflammatory diet), had increased odds of having elevated hs-CRP concentrations (>2 mg/L; AOR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.07-2.69; P-trend < 0.0001) after controlling for age, sex, education, marital status, alcohol consumption, smoking status, body mass index, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and physical activity. Conclusion: Higher DII scores were positively associated with elevated hs-CRP levels in Korean adults. Because inflammation affects the risk for cancer, cardiovascular disease, and other inflammation-related conditions, future studies are warranted to examine the effect of the DII on other inflammatory biomarkers and chronic disease outcomes among the Korean population. (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.