Reduced ΔFosB expression in the rat nucleus accumbens has causal role in the neuropathic pain phenotype

The neuropathic pain phenotype is the consequence of functional and morphological reorganization of the PNS and CNS. This reorganization includes DRGs and the spinal cord, and extends to multiple supraspinal areas including the limbic and reward systems. Several recent papers show that acute manipulation of cortical and subcortical brain areas causally correlates with the cognitive, emotional and sensory components of neuropathic pain, yet mechanisms responsible for pain chronification remain largely unknown. Here we show that nucleus accumbens expression of Delta Fos-B, a transcription factor that plays a critical role in addiction and in the brain response to stress, is reduced long term following peripheral neuropathic injury. Conversely, boosting Delta Fos-B expression in the nucleus accumbens by viral transfection causes a significant and long-lasting improvement of the neuropathic allodynia. We suggest that Delta Fos-B in the nucleus accumbens is a key modulator of long term gene expression leading to pain chronification.