Journal
NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE
Volume 20, Issue 2, Pages 83-93Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/s41583-018-0097-x
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Funding
- US National Institutes of Health [P01 HL095491, R21 NS099787, R01 NS106032]
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Narcolepsy is the most common neurological cause of chronic sleepiness. The discovery about 20 years ago that narcolepsy is caused by selective loss of the neurons producing orexins (also known as hypocretins) sparked great advances in the field. Here, we review the current understanding of how orexin neurons regulate sleep-wake behaviour and the consequences of the loss of orexin neurons. We also summarize the developing evidence that narcolepsy is an autoimmune disorder that may be caused by a T cell-mediated attack on the orexin neurons and explain how these new perspectives can inform better therapeutic approaches.
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