Journal
NATURE REVIEWS NEPHROLOGY
Volume 15, Issue 2, Pages 87-108Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/s41581-018-0098-z
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Funding
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) JCJC-INFLACOMP 2015-2018 [ANR-15-CE15-0001]
- INSERM
- EU FP7 grant [2012-305608]
- Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Programme Hospitaliser de Recherche Clinique (PHRC) [AOM08198]
- Association pour l'Information et la Recherche sur les maladies renales Genetiques (AIRG)
- French Society of Nephrology
- Appel d'Offre de Recherche Clinique (AORC) [2011-A01347]
- Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Marseille (AP-HM)-PHRC grant [2012-A00217-36]
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) [ANR-15-CE15-0001] Funding Source: Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)
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The kidney harbours different types of endothelia, each with specific structural and functional characteristics. The glomerular endothelium, which is highly fenestrated and covered by a rich glycocalyx, participates in the sieving properties of the glomerular filtration barrier and in the maintenance of podocyte structure. The microvascular endothelium in peritubular capillaries, which is also fenestrated, transports reabsorbed components and participates in epithelial cell function. The endothelium of large and small vessels supports the renal vasculature. These renal endothelia are protected by regulators of thrombosis, inflammation and complement, but endothelial injury (for example, induced by toxins, antibodies, immune cells or inflammatory cytokines) or defects in factors that provide endothelial protection (for example, regulators of complement or angiogenesis) can lead to acute or chronic renal injury. Moreover, renal endothelial cells can transition towards a mesenchymal phenotype, favouring renal fibrosis and the development of chronic kidney disease. Thus, the renal endothelium is both a target and a driver of kidney and systemic cardiovascular complications. Emerging therapeutic strategies that target the renal endothelium may lead to improved outcomes for both rare and common renal diseases.
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