Journal
ACS NANO
Volume 10, Issue 5, Pages 5131-5144Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b00322
Keywords
graphene; Cu(111); electronic properties; STM; DFT; ARPES
Categories
Funding
- MINECO, Spain [MAT2013-41636-P, PCIN-2015-030, MAT2011-23627, MAT2011-26534, MAT2013-6593-C6-4-P, MAT2014-54484-P, MDM-2014-0377, CSD2010-00024]
- CAM, Spain [S2009/MAT-1467]
- Basque Government [IT621-13]
- European Union
- Comunidad de Madrid MAD2D-CM Program [S2013/MIT-3007]
- European Union FLAG-ERA program
- Ramon y Cajal program
- Marie Curie program
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The local interaction between graphene and a host substrate strongly determines the actual properties of the graphene layer. Here we show that scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) can selectively help to visualize either the graphene layer or the substrate underneath, or even both at the same time, providing a comprehensive picture of this coupling with atomic precision and high energy resolution. We demonstrate this for graphene on Cu(111). Our spectroscopic data show that, in the vicinity of the Fermi level, graphene pi bands are well preserved presenting a small n-doping induced by Cu(111) surface state electrons. Such results are corroborated by Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectra (ARPES) and Density Functional Theory with van der Waals (DFT + vdW) calculations. Graphene tunable transparency also allows the investigation of the interaction between the substrate and foreign species (such as atomic H or C vacancies) on the graphene layer. Our calculations explain graphene tunable transparency in terms of the rather different decay lengths of the graphene Dirac pi states and the metal surface state, suggesting that it should apply to a good number of graphene/substrate systems.
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