Copper nanoparticles with near-unity, omnidirectional, and broadband optical absorption for highly efficient solar steam generation

Solar steam generation provides a renewable and environmentally friendly approach to solve the water shortage issue. The pursuit of efficient, stable, and cheap photothermal agents is thus of great significance. In this work, Cu nanoparticles (NPs) fabricated simply by a substitution reaction, exhibit a near-unity (similar to 97.7%) light absorption, covering a broad incident angle and wavelength range (200-1300 nm). Thereby, a high photothermal conversion efficiency of 93% is achieved. The excellent photothermal performance offers a unique opportunity for the development of solar steam generation. By coating the Cu NPs on a cellulose membrane, a solar steam generation efficiency up to 73% is acquired at a low irradiation power density of 2 kW m(-2) (1 kW m(-2) = 1 sun). Moreover, the Cu NPs are recyclable with the high stability being resistant to heat, photoirradiation and corrosion of brine.