Innovative Target for Production of Technetium-99m by Biomedical Cyclotron

Technetium-99m (Tc-99m) is the most used radionuclide worldwide in nuclear medicine for diagnostic imaging procedures. Tc-99m is typically extracted from portable generators containing Mo-99, which is produced normally in nuclear reactors as a fission product of highly enriched Uranium material. Due to unexpected outages or planned and unplanned reactor shutdown, significant Tc-99m shortages appeared as a problem since 2008 The alternative cyclotron-based approach through the Mo-100(p,2n)Tc-99m reaction is considered one of the most promising routes for direct Tc-99m production in order to mitigate potential Mo-99 shortages. The design and manufacturing of appropriate cyclotron targets for the production of significant amounts of a radiopharmaceutical for medical use is a technological challenge. In this work, a novel solid target preparation method was developed, including sputter deposition of a dense, adherent, and non-oxidized Mo target material onto a complex backing plate. The latter included either chemically resistant sapphire or synthetic diamond brazed in vacuum conditions to copper. The target thermo-mechanical stability tests were performed under 15.6 MeV proton energy and different beam intensities, up to the maximum provided by the available GE Healthcare (Chicago, IL, USA) PET trace medical cyclotron. The targets resisted proton beam currents up to 60 mu A (corresponding to a heat power density of about 1 kW/cm(2)) without damage or Mo deposited layer delamination. The chemical stability of the proposed backing materials was proven by gamma-spectroscopy analysis of the solution obtained after the standard dissolution procedure of irradiated targets in H2O2.