Iso--Acids, the Bitter Components of Beer, Suppress Microglial Inflammation in rTg4510 Tauopathy

Due to the growth in aging populations, prevention for cognitive decline and dementia are in great demand. We previously demonstrated that the consumption of iso--acids (IAA), the hop-derived bitter compounds in beer, prevents inflammation and Alzheimer's disease pathology in model mice. However, the effects of iso--acids on inflammation induced by other agents aside from amyloid have not been investigated. In this study, we demonstrated that the consumption of iso--acids suppressed microglial inflammation in the frontal cortex of rTg4510 tauopathy mice. In addition, the levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including IL-1 and MIP-1, in the frontal cortex of rTg4510 mice were greater than those of wild-type mice, and were reduced in rTg4510 mice fed with iso--acids. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that the expression of cells producing CD86, CD68, TSPO, MIP-1, TNF-, and IL-1 in microglia was increased in rTg4510 mice compared with wild-type mice. Furthermore, the expression of CD86- and MIP-1-producing cells was reduced in rTg4510 mice administered with iso--acids. Moreover, the consumption of iso--acids reduced the levels of phosphorylated tau in the frontal cortex. Collectively, these results suggest that the consumption of iso--acids prevents the inflammation induced in tauopathy mice. Thus, iso--acids may help in preventing inflammation-related brain disorders.