Journal
MOLECULAR PLANT
Volume 12, Issue 2, Pages 248-262Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2019.01.005
Keywords
plant innate immunity; nucleotide binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptors; Solanaceae domain (SD); pathogen perception; two-step recognition; defense response
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation, China [31630062, 31801705, 31870143]
- National Program on Key Basic Research Project, China (973 Program) [2014CB138400]
- Youth Talent Support Program, China
- Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China [BK20180532]
- Postdoctoral Science Foundation, China [2018M642269]
- National Science Foundation grants, United States [NSF-IOS-1354434, NSF-IOS-1339185]
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Plant intracellular nucleotide binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptors play critical roles in pathogen surveillance. Most plant NLRs characterized so far were found to use a single domain/sensor to recognize pathogen effectors. Here we report that the Sw-5b NLR immune receptor uses two distinct domains to detect the viral movement protein NSm encoded by tospovirus. In addition to its leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain that has been previously reported, the N-terminal Solanaceae domain (SD) of Sw-5b also interacts with NSm and a conserved 21-amino-acid region of NSm (NSm21). The specific interaction between Sw-5b SD and NSm is required for releasing the inhibitory effect of coiled-coil domain on the NB-ARC-LRR region. Furthermore, we found that the binding of NSm affects the nucleotide binding activity of the NB-ARC-LRR in vitro, while Sw-5b NB-ARC-LRR is activated only when NSm and NSm21 levels are high. Interestingly, Sw-5b SD could significantly enhance the ability of the NB-ARC-LRR to detect low levels of NSm effector and facilitate its activation and induction of defense response. An Sw-5b SD mutant that is disrupted in NSm recognition failed to enhance the ability of the NB-ARC-LRR to sense low levels of NSm and NSm21. Taken together, our results suggest that Sw-5b SD functions as an extra sensor and the NB-ARC-LRR as an activator, and that Sw-5b NLR adopts a two-step recognition mechanism to enhance viral effector perception.
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