Journal
MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION
Volume 133, Issue -, Pages 236-255Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.12.018
Keywords
Klebsormidium; Streptophyta; Phylogenetic superclade G; New species; New varieties; Unusual habitats; Southern hemisphere; Integrative approach
Funding
- German Science Foundation (DFG) [SPP-1803, KA899/32-1, BU666/18-1, SPP 1991, GL 909/1-1]
- Georg-Forster research fellowship from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
- Grant Agency of the Czech Republic (GACR) [206/96/1382, 526/98/P156]
- program KONTAKT [CZ-DE] [ME 076]
- program KONTAKT [CZ-USA grant] [ME 08085]
- German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)
- ASIB
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Seven new species and two varieties of Klebsormidium were described using an integrative approach on the base of 28 strains from the poorly studied phylogenetic superclade G. These strains originated from the unusual and exotic habitats (semi-deserts, semi-arid shrublands, Mediterranean shrub and deciduous vegetation, temperate Araucaria forests, peat bogs, dumps after coal mining, maritime sand dunes etc.) of four continents (Africa, South and North America, and Europe). Molecular phylogenies based on ITS-1,2, rbcL gene and concatenated dataset of ITS-1,2-rbcL, secondary structure of ITS-2, morphology, ecology and biogeography, micrographs and drawings of the investigated strains were assessed. Additionally, phylogeny and morphology of 18 Klebsormidium strains from other lineages isolated from the same localities (different vegetation types of Chile and maritime sand dunes of Germany) were investigated for the comparison with representatives of Glade G. Clade G Klebsormidium is characterized by distant phylogenetic position from the other Klebsormidium lineages and prominent morphology: four-lobed chloroplasts and mostly short swollen cells in young culture, compact small pyrenoids, curved or disintegrated filaments, unusual elongation of cells in old culture, formation of specific cluster- and knot-like colonies on agar surface, especially prominent in strains isolated from desert regions, from which the group probably originated. Comparison of Klebsormidium diversity from different biogeographic regions showed that the representatives of Glade G are common algae in regions of the southern hemisphere (South Africa and Chile) and rare representatives in terrestrial ecosystems of the northern hemisphere. Further investigation of mostly unstudied territories of the southern hemisphere could bring many surprises and discoveries, leading to a change of the present concept that Klebsormidium is cosmopolitan in distribution.
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