Journal
MOLECULAR ONCOLOGY
Volume 13, Issue 2, Pages 109-131Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12417
Keywords
colorectal cancer; familial colorectal cancer; hereditary colorectal cancer; sporadic early-onset colorectal cancer; young adults
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Funding
- Associazione Italiana Ricerca Cancro grant AIRC 5x mille [51000]
- Special Program Molecular Clinical Oncology, AIRC Investigator Grant [20685]
- AIRC Special Program 5 per mille Metastases Project [21091]
- CORDIS Community Research and Development Information Service, Horizon 2020 grant, Molecularly Guided Trials with Specific Treatment Strategies in Patients with Advanced Newly Molecular Defined Subtypes of Colorectal Cancer (MoTriColor) [635342]
- Fondazione Oncologia Niguarda Onlus, grant Terapia Molecolare dei Tumori
- Studies to Develop Therapies Against Colorectal Cancer in Young Adults grant
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Treatment of young adults with colorectal cancer (CRC) represents an unmet clinical need, especially as diagnosis in this population might lead to the greatest loss of years of life. Since 1994, CRC incidence in individuals younger than 50 years has been increasing by 2% per year. The surge in CRC incidence in young adults is particularly alarming as the overall CRC frequency has been decreasing. Early-onset CRC are characterized by a more advanced stage at diagnosis, poorer cell differentiation, higher prevalence of signet ring cell histology, and left colon-sided location of the primary tumor. Among EO-CRC, approximately 30% of patients are affected by tumors harboring mutations causing hereditary cancer predisposing syndromes, and 20% have familial CRC. Most notably, the remaining 50% of EO-CRC patients have neither hereditary syndromes nor familial CRC, thus representing a formidable challenge for research. In this review article we summarize epidemiology, clinical and molecular features, heredity and outcome of treatments of EO-CRC, and provide considerations for future perspectives.
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