Journal
ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY
Volume 11, Issue 8, Pages 2177-2185Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00017
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Funding
- NRF [2013R1A1A1057597]
- UNIST research fund [1.160001.01]
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2013R1A1A1057597] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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Bilirubin (BR) is a de novo synthesized metabolite of human cells. However, subcellular localization of BR in the different organelles of human cells has been largely unknown. Here, utilizing UnaG as a genetically encoded fluorescent BR sensor, we report the existence of relatively BR-enriched and BR-depleted microspaces in various cellular organelles of live cells. Our studies indicate that (i) the cytoplasmic facing membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the nucleus are relatively BR-enriched spaces and (ii) mitochondrial intermembrane space and the ER lumen are relatively BR-depleted spaces. Thus, we demonstrate a relationship between such asymmetrical BR distribution in the ER membrane and the BR metabolic pathway. Furthermore, our results suggest plausible BR-transport and BR-regulating machineries in other cellular compartments, including the nucleus and mitochondria.
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