Expressions of KAI1 and E-cadherin in nonsmall cell lung cancer and their correlation with vasculogenic mimicry

Background: Metastasis and recurrence are the most common reasons for treatment failure of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Vasculogenic mimicry (VM, new blood supply formation in malignant tumors), E-Cadherin (a calcium-dependent transmembrane glycoprotein that mediates intercellular adhesion), KAI1 (a suppressor gene of tumor metastasis) are all valuable factors for metastasis and prognosis in diverse common human cancers. However, the correlation of VM, E-Cadherin, and KAI1 in NSCLC is still unclear. In this study, we analyzed the correlations among these factors as well as their respective correlations with clinicopathological parameters and survival in NSCLC. Methods: The level of VM, E-Cadherin, and KAI1 in 163 tissue samples of NSCLC was examined by immunhistochemistry. Clinical data were also collected. Results: Levels of VM was significantly higher, and levels of KAI1 and E-Cadherin significantly lower in NSCLC tissues than in normal lung tissues. Levels of VM were positively associated with lymph node metastasis (LNM), size, grade, and tumor node metastasis (TNM) stages, and negatively associated with patients' overall survival (OS). Levels of KAI1 and E-Cadherin were negatively correlated with LNM, size, grade, and TNM stage, and positively associated with patients' OS. In multivariate analysis, high levels of VM, E-Cadherin, and KAI1, as well as TNM stages were independently correlated with lower OS in patients with NSCLC. Conclusion: VM and the expression of E-Cadherin and KAI1 may represent promising metastatic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as potential therapeutic targets for NSCLC.