Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 8, Issue 9, Pages 5867-5876Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b12065
Keywords
hematite nanoparticles; cytotoxicity; in vitro; surface defects; synthesis; precipitation; spray precipitation; reactive oxygen species
Funding
- Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Linkage, Infrastructure, Equipment and Facilities (LIEF) [LE0237478]
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In this study, we investigate the toxicity of hematite (alpha-Fe2O3) nanoparticles on the Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cell line. The oxide particles have been synthesized through two different methods and annealing conditions. These two methods, spray precipitation and precipitation, resulted in particles with rod-like and spherical morphology and feature different particle sizes, surface features, and magnetic properties. Through flow cytometry it was found that particle morphology heavily influences the degree to which the nanomaterials are internalized into the cells. It was also found that the ability of the nanoparticles to generate free radicals species is hindered by the formation of tetrahedrally coordinated maghemite-like (gamma-Fe2O3) spinel defects on the surfaces of the particles. The combination of these two factors resulted in variable cytotoxic effects of the hematite nanoparticles synthesized with different conditions. This article highlights the importance on the fabrication method, materials properties, and surface characteristics on the cytotoxicity of hematite nanomaterials.
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