Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 8, Issue 2, Pages 1220-1232Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b09633
Keywords
antimicrobial films; laccase-catalyzed; polyphenols; catecholamines; self-defensive
Funding
- Singapore National Research Foundation under its Translational and Clinical Research Flagship Programme [NMRC/TCR/008-SERI/2013]
- National Medical Research Council's Cooperative Basic Research Grant [NMRC/CBRG/0048/2013]
- SingHealth Foundation Research Grant [SHF/FG637S/2014]
- NTU Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine [L0412130, L0412290]
- Ministry of Education Singapore AcRF-Tier I [2014-T1-001-141]
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In an era of relentless evolution of antimicrobial resistance, there is an increasing demand for the development of efficient antimicrobial coatings or surfaces for food, biomedical, and industrial applications. This study reports the laccase-catalyzed room-temperature synthesis of mechanically robust, thermally stable, broad spectrum antimicrobial films employing interfacial interactions between poly(vinyl alcohol), PVA, and 14 naturally occurring catecholamines and polyphenols. The oxidative products of catecholamines and polyphenols reinforce the PVA films and also alter their surface and bulk properties. Among the catecholamines-reinforced films, optimum surface and bulk properties can be achieved by the oxidative products of epinephrine. For polyphenols, structure-property correlation reveals an increase in surface roughness and elasticity of PVA films with increasing number of phenolic groups in the precursors. Interestingly, PVA films reinforced with oxidized/polymerized products of pyrogallol (PG) and epinephrine (EP) display potent antimicrobial activity against pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains, whereas hydroquinone (HQ)-reinforced PVA films display excellent antimicrobial properties against Gram-positive bacteria only. We further demonstrate that HQ and PG films retain their antimicrobial efficacy after steam sterilization. With an increasing trend of giving value to natural and renewable resources, our results have the potential as durable self-defensive antimicrobial surfaces/films for advanced healthcare and industrial applications.
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