Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 8, Issue 24, Pages 15607-15614Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b03597
Keywords
cellulose nanofibrils; nanocellulose films; piezoelectric sensor materials; image-based analysis; relative permittivity; sensitivity measurement
Funding
- Academy of Finland [137669, 258124, 264743, 267573, 273663]
- Riitta ja Jorma J. Takanen Foundation
- KAUTE Foundation
- Tauno Tonning Foundation
- Ulla Tuominen Foundation
- Infotech Oulu Doctoral Program
- Academy of Finland (AKA) [258124, 264743, 258124, 264743, 137669, 137669] Funding Source: Academy of Finland (AKA)
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Self-standing films (45 mu m thick) of native cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) were synthesized and characterized for their piezoelectric response. The surface and the microstructure of the films were evaluated with image-based analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The measured dielectric properties of the films at 1 kHz and 9.97 GHz indicated a relative permittivity of 3.47 and 3.38 and loss tangent tan delta of 0.011 and 0.071, respectively. The films were used as functional sensing layers in piezoelectric sensors with corresponding sensitivities of 4.7-6.4 pC/N in ambient conditions. This piezoelectric response is expected to increase remarkably upon film polarization resulting from the alignment of the cellulose crystalline regions in the film. The CNF sensor characteristics were compared with those of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as reference piezoelectric polymer. Overall, the results suggest that CNF is a suitable precursor material for disposable piezoelectric sensors, actuators, or energy generators with potential applications in the fields of electronics, sensors, and biomedical diagnostics.
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