Journal
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
Volume 58, Issue -, Pages 67-75Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2019.01.009
Keywords
Anesthetic; Arduino; BOLD; fMRI; Mice; PID
Funding
- Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) [BFU2015-64380-C2-2-R, BFU2015-64380-C2-1-R]
- FEDER funds [BFU2015-64380-C2-2-R, BFU2015-64380-C2-1-R]
- EU [668863-SyBil-AA]
- Spanish State Research Agency, through the Severo Ochoa Programme for Centres of Excellence in RD [SEV-2013-0317]
- grant Ayudas para la formation de personal investigador (FPI) from the Vicerrectorado de Investigation, Innovation y Transferencia of the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia
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Introduction: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is one of the most highly regarded techniques in the neuroimaging field. This technique is based on vascular responses to neuronal activation and is extensively used in clinical and animal research studies. In preclinical settings, fMRI is usually applied to anesthetized animals. However, anesthetics cause alterations, e.g. hypothermia, in the physiology of the animals and this has the potential to disrupt fMRI signals. The current temperature control method involves a technician, as well as monitoring the acquisition MRI sequences, also controlling the temperature of the animal; this is inefficient. Methods: In order to avoid hypothermia in anesthetized rodents an Open-Source automatic temperature control device is presented. It takes signals from an intrarectal temperature sensor, as well as signals from a thermal bath, which warms up the body of the animal under study, in order to determine the mathematical model of the thermal response of the animal. Results: A Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) algorithm, which was discretized in an Arduino micro-controller, was developed to automatically keep stable the body temperature of the animal under study. The PID algorithm has been shown to be accurate in preserving the body temperature of the animal. Conclusion: This work presents the TherMouseDuino. It is an Open-Source automatic temperature control system and reduces temperature fluctuations, thus providing robust conditions in which to perform fMRI experiments. Furthermore, our device frees up the technician to focus solely on monitoring the MRI sequences.
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