Journal
KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL
Volume 94, Issue 6, Pages 1073-1086Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.06.034
Keywords
kidney; microfluidics; microphysiological systems; organ-on-a-chip; tissue engineering
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Funding
- Qatar University under the GCC research program [GCC-2017-005]
- NPRP grant from Qatar National Research Fund (Qatar Foundation) [NPRP 9-144-2-021]
- National Institutes of Health [K99CA201603, R21EB025270]
- New England Anti-Vivisectio Society
- Biotechnology Research Center
- UNESCO
- Libyan Authority of Research Science and Technology
- NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE [K99CA201603] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF BIOMEDICAL IMAGING AND BIOENGINEERING [R21EB025270] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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The organs-on-a-chip technology has shown strong promise in mimicking the complexity of native tissues in vitro and ex vivo, and recently significant advances have been made in applying this technology to studies of the kidney and its diseases. Individual components of the nephron, including the glomerulus, proximal tubule, and distal tubule/medullary collecting duct, have been successfully mimicked using organs-on-a-chip technology and yielding strong promises in advancing the field of ex vivo drug toxicity testing and augmenting renal replacement therapies. Although these models show promise over 2-dimensional cell systems in recapitulating important nephron features in vitro, nephron functions, such as tubular secretion, intracellular metabolism, and renin and vitamin D production, as well as prostaglandin synthesis are still poorly recapitulated in on-chip models. Moreover, construction of multiple-renal-components-on-a-chip models, in which various structures and cells of the renal system interact with each other, has remained a challenge. Overall, on-chip models show promise in advancing models of normal and pathological renal physiology, in predicting nephrotoxicity, and in advancing treatment of chronic kidney diseases.
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