A Thiophene-Containing Conductive Metallopolymer Using an Fe(II) Bis(terpyridine) Core for Electrochromic Materials

Three Fe(II) bis(terpyridine)-based complexes with thiophene (Fe(L1)(2)), bithiophene (Fe(L2)(2)), and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (Fe(L3)(2)) side chains were designed and synthesized for the purpose of providing two terminal active sites for electrochemical polymerization. The corresponding metallopolymers (poly-Fe(Ln)(2), n = 2 or 3) were synthesized on indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrates via oxidative electropolymerization of the thiophene-substituted monomers and characterized using electrochemistry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV vis spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The film poly-Fe(L2)(2) was further studied for electrochromic (EC) color-switching properties and fabricated into a solid-state EC device. Poly-Fe(L2)(2) films exhibit an intense MLCT absorption band at 596 nm (epsilon = 4.7 X 10(4) M-1 cm(-1)) in the UV-vis spectra without any applied voltage. Upon application of low potentials (between 1.1 and 0.4 V vs Fc(+)/Fc), the obtained electropolymerized film exhibited great contrast with a change of transmittance percentage (Delta T%) of 40% and a high coloration efficiency of 3823 cm(2) C-1 with a switching time of 1 s. The film demonstrates commonplace stability and reversibility with a 10% loss in peak current intensity after 200 cyclic voltammetry cycles and almost no loss in change of transmittance (Delta T%) after 900 potential switches between 1.1 and 0.4 V (vs Fc(+)/Fc) with a time interval of 0.75 s. The electropolymerization of Fe(L2)(2) provides convenient and controllable film fabrication. Electrochromic behavior was also achieved in a solid-state device composed of a poly-Fe(L2)(2) film and a polymer-supported electrolyte sandwiched between two ITO-coated glass electrodes.