Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 8, Issue 42, Pages 28529-28537Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b10737
Keywords
small molecule; RNA selectivity; excitation-dependent fluorescence; ultralarge Stokes shift; target-specific imaging
Funding
- National Key Basic Research Program of China [2012CB518000]
- Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province [ZR2014BM028]
- Key Technologies R&D Program of Shandong Province [2015GSF118013]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21403300, 81471786, 21573288]
- Fundamental Reach Funds for the Central Universities [15CX05017A, 15CX04061A]
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Fluorescence imaging requires bioselective, sensitive, nontoxic molecular probes to detect the precise location of lesions for fundamental research and clinical applications. Typical inorganic semiconductor nanomaterials with large sizes (>10 nm) can offer high-quality fluorescence imaging due to their fascinating optical properties but are limited to low selectivity as well as slow clearance pathway. We here report an N- and O-rich carbogenic small molecular complex (SMC, MW < 1000 Da) that exhibits high quantum yield (up to 80%), nucleic acid-binding enhanced excitation-dependent fluorescence (EDF), and a near-infrared (NIR) emission peaked at 850 nm with an ultralarge Stokes shift (similar to 500 nm). SMCs show strong rRNA affinity, and the resulting EDF enhancement allows multicolor visualization of nucleoli in cells for clear statistics. Furthermore, SMCs can be efficiently accumulated in tumor in vivo after injection into tumor-bearing mice. The NIR emission affords high signal/noise ratio imaging for delineating the true extent of tumor. Importantly, about 80% of injected SMCs can be rapidly excreted from the body in 24 h. No appreciable toxicological responses were observed up to 30 days by hematological, biochemical, and pathological examinations. SMCs have great potential as a promising nucleolus- and tumor-specific agent for medical diagnoses and biomedical research.
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