Journal
JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES
Volume 37, Issue 12, Pages 1327-1337Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1558509
Keywords
Body composition; physical fitness; preschoolers; socioeconomic factors
Categories
Funding
- Ramon y Cajal Grant [RYC-2011-09011]
- Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport [FPU 14/06837]
- Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [BES-2014-068829]
- Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [RYC-2011-09011]
- Health and Social Research Center from the University of Castilla-LaMancha
- University of Granada, Plan Propio de Investigacion 2016, Excellence actions: Units of Excellence
- Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES)
- SAMID III network, RETICS
- PN I + D + I 2017-2021 (Spain)
- ISCIII-Sub-Directorate General for Research Assessment and Promotion
- European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) [RD16/0022]
- EXERNET Research Network on Exercise and Health in Special Populations [DEP2005-00046/ACTI]
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This study aimed to analyse the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and fatness and fitness in preschoolers. 2,638 preschoolers (3-5 years old; 47.2% girls) participated. SES was estimated from the parental educational and occupational levels, and the marital status. Fatness was assessed by body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). Physical fitness components were assessed using the PREFIT battery. Preschoolers whose parents had higher educational levels had lower fatness (P < 0.05). BMI significantly differed across occupational levels of each parent (P < 0.05) and WHtR across paternal levels (P = 0.004). Musculoskeletal fitness was different across any SES factor (P < 0.05), except handgrip across paternal occupational levels (P >= 0.05). Preschoolers with high paternal occupation had higher speed/agility (P = 0.005), and those with high or low maternal education had higher VO(2)max (P = 0.046). Odds of being obese and having low musculoskeletal fitness was lower as SES was higher (P < 0.05). Those with married parents had higher cardiorespiratory fitness than single-parent ones (P = 0.010). School-based interventions should be aware of that children with low SES are at a higher risk of obesity and low fitness already in the first years of life.
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