Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 8, Issue 6, Pages 3901-3911Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b10881
Keywords
osseointegration; polyetheretherketone (PEEK); plasma immersion ion implantation; surface modification; interface
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81572113, 31370957]
- Hong Kong Research Grant Council (RGC) General Research Funds (GRF) [719411, 718913, 112212]
- City University of Hong Kong Strategic Research Grant (SRG) [7004188]
- AOTRAUMA Research Startup Grant
- Guangdong Provincial Science and technology projects [2014A010105033]
- Shenzhen Peacock Programs [KQCX20140521115045444, 110811003586331]
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma of The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital
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This study aims at improving osseo-integration at the bone-implant interface of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) by water (H2O) and ammonia (NH3) plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII). The pertinent surface characteristics including surface energy, roughness, morphology, and chemical composition are investigated systematically and the in vitro biological performance is evaluated by cell adhesion and proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, real-time RT-PCR evaluation, and mineralization tests. In vivo osseo-integration is examined via implanting samples into the distal femur of the rats. The hydrophilicity, surface roughness, cell adhesion, and proliferation, ALP activity, and osteogenic differentiation after H2O PIII or NH3 PIII are improved significantly. Furthermore, substantially enhanced osseo-integration is achieved in vivo. Nonline-of-sight plasma surface functionalization, which is particularly suitable for biomedical implants with an irregular geometry, does not alter the bulk compressive yield strength and elastic modulus of the materials. Consequently, the favorable bulk attributes of PEEK are preserved while the surface biological properties are enhanced thus boding well for wider orthopedic application of the biopolymer.
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