Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 8, Issue 17, Pages 10884-10896Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b02049
Keywords
graphenothermal reduction; graphene oxide; molybdenum oxide; composite; anode; lithium ion batteries
Funding
- Government of India [F1-17.1/2011/MANF-MUS-AND-213/(SAIII/Website)]
- NUS [WBS R069000006646]
- National Research Foundation, Prime Minister's Office, Singapore (CRP) [NRF-CRP 10-2012-6]
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Exfoliated graphene oxide (EG)/MoO2, composites are synthesized by a simple solid-state graphenothermal reduction method. Graphene oxide (GO) is used as a reducing agent to reduce MoO3 and as a source for EG. The formation of different submicron sized morphologies such as spheres, rods, flowers, etc., of monoclinic MoO2 on EG surfaces is confirmed by complementary characterization techniques. As-synthesized EG/MoO2 composite with a higher weight percentage of EG performed excellently as an anode material in lithium-ion batteries. The galvanostatic cycling studies aided with postcycling cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic intermittent titrations followed by ex situ structural studies clearly indicate that Li intercalation into MoO2 is transformed into conversion upon aging at low current densities while intercalation mechanism is preferably taking place at higher current rates. The intercalation mechanism is found to be promising for steady-state capacity throughout the cycling because of excess graphene and higher current density even in the operating voltage window of 0.005-3.0 V in which MoO2 undergoes conversion below 0.8 V.
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