Journal
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
Volume 39, Issue 10, Pages 1817-1827Publisher
SOC NEUROSCIENCE
DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3375-17.2018
Keywords
adolescent substance use; cannabis; cognition; marijuana; psychopathology; voxel-based morphometry
Categories
Funding
- European Union-funded FP6 Integrated Project IMAGEN [LSHM-CT-2007-037286]
- Horizon 2020 funded ERC Advanced Grant STRATIFY [695313]
- ERANID [PR-ST-0416-10004]
- BRIDGET [MR/N027558/1]
- FP7 projects [602450, 603016]
- Innovative Medicine Initiative Project EU-AIMS [115300-2]
- Medical Research Council Grant c-VEDA [MR/N000390/1]
- Swedish Research Council FORMAS
- Medical Research Council
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London
- Bundesministeriumfur Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) [01GS08152, 01EV0711, eMED SysAlc01ZX1311A]
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [SM80/7-1, SM80/7-2, SFB 940/1]
- Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale [DPA20140629802]
- Fondation de l'Avenir
- ANR [AF12-NEUR0008-01-WM2NA, ANR-12-SAMA-0004]
- Fondation de France
- Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale
- Mission Interministerielle de Lutte-contre-les-Drogues-et-les-Conduites-Addictives
- Assistance-Publique-Hopitaux-de-Paris and INSERM
- Paris Sud University
- National Institutes of Health, Science Foundation Ireland [16/ERCD/3797, R01 MH085772-01A1]
- NIH - cross-NIH alliance [U54 EB020403]
- Dana Foundation David Mahoney program
- CTSA from National Center for Advancing Translational Science [UL1 TR001863]
- National Institutes of Health (NIH)
- NIH roadmap for Medical Research
- Faculty of Health, Arts, and Design, Swinburne University of Technology
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Rates of cannabis use among adolescents are high, and are increasing concurrent with changes in the legal status of marijuana and societal attitudes regarding its use. Recreational cannabis use is understudied, especially in the adolescent period when neural maturation may make users particularly vulnerable to the effects of Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on brain structure. In the current study, we used voxel-based morphometry to compare gray matter volume (GMV) in forty-six 14-year-old human adolescents (males and females) with just one or two instances of cannabis use and carefully matched THC-naive controls. We identified extensive regions in the bilateral medial temporal lobes as well as the bilateral posterior cingulate, lingual gyri, and cerebellum that showed greater GMV in the cannabis users. Analysis of longitudinal data confirmed that GMV differences were unlikely to precede cannabis use. GMV in the temporal regions was associated with contemporaneous performance on the Perceptual Reasoning Index and with future generalized anxiety symptoms in the cannabis users. The distribution of GMV effects mapped onto biomarkers of the endogenous cannabinoid system providing insight into possible mechanisms for these effects.
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