Journal
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
Volume 362, Issue -, Pages 214-223Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.08.056
Keywords
Environmentally persistent free radicals; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Anthracene; Soil
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [41571446, 41877126]
- One Hundred Talents program of Shaanxi Province [SXBR9171]
- Open Project of the State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse [PCRRF17020]
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Transformation of PAHs, i.e., anthracene, and production of environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) on seven types of representative soils were investigated, focusing on the influences of soil characteristics and ambient conditions on these reactions. The transformation rate of anthracene exhibits the order of red earth > yellow earth > latosol similar to fluvo-aquic soil > brown earth > chemozem > calcic brown soil, which is positively correlated with Fe content in soils. Afterwards, batch reactions on pure representatives of soil minerals, including Fe2O3, Fe(3)o(4), FeOOH, and Mno(2), demonstrate that anthracene is prone to mineral-promoted transformation. The presence of higher amount of organic carbon lower the transformation rate of anthracene, whereas the formed EPFRs can be stabilized for a longer time. Subsequent experiments associated with the influences of environmental conditions on mineral-promoted reactions suggest that both anthracene transformation and EPFRs generation readily occur under dry condition. Light irradiation not only promotes the formation of EPFRs, but also greatly accelerates the decay of EPFRs and the 1/e lifetime decreases from 5 to 20 d in dark to approximately 1 d. Meanwhile, the anoxic condition is favorable for the persistence of EPFRs. The obtained results suggested the potential environmental risks association with EPFRs in PAHs-contaminated soils.
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